Social, Cultural and Economic Impact of Globalization in India
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Socialization of people for improving business and financial activities across the globe can be referred as globalization. It is not a new phenomena as people kept searching new places and avenues to increase their business activities as evident by explorations of Vasco degama, Columbus and East India Company. Bitter experiences from East India Companies & British rule makes Indian little bit cautious for adventures of globalization. This has been the root cause for delay in liberalization in India. In literary terms, globalization has been defined in several ways as evident from definitions reproduced below. In the initial sense of the term, globalization refers to the spread of new forms of non-territorial social activity (Ruggie, 1993; Scholte, 2000). To make term more clear, Globalization has been defined as the process of rapid integration of countries and happening through greater foreign trade and foreign investment. In essence, it refers to increased possibilities for action between and among people in situations irrespective of geographical considerations as per the definition of social theorists. Developed countries have been trying to pursue developing countries to liberalize the trade and allow more flexibilities in business policies to provide equal opportunities to multinational firms in their domestic market. International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank helped them in this endeavour. Liberalization began to hold its foot on barren lands of developing countries like India by means of reduction in excise duties on electronic goods in a fixed time frame. Indian government did the same and liberalized the trade and investment due to the pressure from World Trade Organization. Import duties were cut down phase-wise to allow MNC's operate in India on equality basis. As a result globalization has brought to India new technologies, new products and also the economic opportunities. Despite bureaucracy, lack of infrastructure, and an ambiguous policy framework that adversely impact MNCs operating in India, MNCs are looking at India in a big way, and are making huge investments to set up R&D centers in the country. India has made a lead over other growing economies for IT, business processing, and R&D investments. There has been both positive and negative impact of globalization on social and cultural values in India.There is no denying of the fact that globalization has brought cheers to people's life by opening new vistas of employment. It has also made inroads in the cultural heritage of this country. The web article "the impact of globalization on social and cultural values in India" describes it at length.
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- Has globalization or technological change any impact on rural India?
Why is modern India intolerant?
Changes in social and cultural life:
- Access to television grew from 10% of the urban population (1991) to 75% of the urban population (1999).
- Cable television and foreign movies became widely available for the first time and have acted as a catalyst in bulldozing the cultural boundaries.
- All these technologies have changed perceptions and dreams of ordinary people.
- Unmarried boys and girls are sharing same apartment and staying away from their parents.
- Indian youths leaving education in mid-way and joining MNC's
- There has been a increase in the violence, particularly against women.
- Scientific and technological innovations have made life quite comfortable, fast and enjoyable.
- More availability of cheap and filthy material (CD's or DVD's of Hollywood movies, porn movies, sex toys, foreign channels like MTV) in the name of liberalization.
- In India, land-line or basic phone was a prestige symbol few years back but now you find people riding bicycle with a mobile in hand, talking or listening music or even clicking cameras of their phones targeting pretty girls or ladies.
- Society has become more open compared to its earlier conservative look due to exposure to other cultures through DTH or cable network.
- This has contributed to dating, celebration of friendship days/valentine day, and resulted to rising number of call girls and make them more prone to sexually transmitted diseases .
- People are less worried for government jobs as MNC's and private or public sector are offering more lucrative jobs.
- Extension of internet facilities even to rural areas.
- In place of old cinema halls, multiplex theatres are coming up.
- Old restaurants are now replaced by Mc. Donald. Fast food and Chinese dishes have replaced juice corners and Parathas.
- More inflow of money has aggravated deep rooted problem of corruption?
- More scandals and scams compared tp pre-globalization era.
- Girls being blackmailed by their ex-boy friends using MMS
- Ban on TV channels for showing sex and violence violating all norms
- Girls being raped in moving vehicles
- There is deterioration in social values as evident from less respect for ladies, older people
Expree your views:
Do you agree Globalization has helped only literates?
See results without votingGlobalization has helped only rich people
See results without votingNotwithstanding what has been listed above, globalization has definitely brought positive changes and been helpful in improving living conditions of people. Improvement in financial status and livelihood of people can be understood by the following figures and facts:
Personal Finance:
- Entry of the private sector banks has completely transformed the functioning of public sector banks
- Opening up of mutual funds; thirty five players; 15 joint ventures
- Commencement of the depository that helped common men to become the retail investors
- Deregulation of insurance industry; Nineteen players; 14 joint ventures in life insurance sector
- Fall in interest rates; smaller monthly installments made life more simple to Indian customer
- ATM's (Automated Teller Machines) made bank transactions more easier to common men than few years back
- Online trading, online purchanse of various finance products and online banking have helped common men to participate in investment process.
Job Sector:
- Salaries are now more attractive than in the nineties.Average annual IT salary has increased from Rs 1.6 lakh in 1998 to Rs 5.5 lakh in 2008
- Students get selected by the companies through campus recruitment an year before the date of completion of their technical education.
- Large salary hikes than offered few years ago.
- More emphasis on performance and not on number of years in the job
- More flexibilities in timings and work from home arrangements are becoming common
- In the last ten years, annual revenue of software industries has grown by 350%.
- Around 1.16 crore people are employed in BPO sector compared to only few lakh in the year 1998
- Office automation has helped improving effeciency of employees
- More and more recruitment are being made using job portals. Earlier ads were placed in the newspapers.
Banking sector:
- Number of ATMs has increased from 500 in 1998 to 32300 in 2008; 1st ATM was installed by HSBC in 1987
- Computerization of banks has helped speed up the bank transactions
- Net banking is used by 32% of saving bank account holders in 2008 compared to 1% in 1998. Likewise mobile banking was offered by 6% banks in 1998 that is now being offered by 90% banks in 2008
- 1st debit card and 1st credit card were issued by Citibank in 1998 and 1990, respectively.
Tax reforms:
- Tax reforms have given common men more freedom to invest money and more purchasing power than ever before
- Tax concessions on interest of houising loan, and easy availability of house loans have helped common men to own a dream house. However, increase in interest rates recently has made life difficult for salaried people. Housing loan accounts have increased from 4 lakh in 1998 to 45 lakh in 2008.
Some common indicators of change:
- Now most of the households have more than one color TV sets
- Number of people travelling by air or AC class in trains have increased tremendously
- There are 42 million internet users in India in the year 2008 compared to 1.4 m users in 1998.
- The number of mobile phone users has grown to 246 million in 2008 from 1.0 million users in 1998
- There has been a great increase in sales of passenger cars. The sale has increased by 96% in the last ten years
- Monthly pocket money of 10-17 years old has risen by 500% from Rs 300 in the year 1998
REFERENCES:
1. Ruggie, John Gerard (1993), “Territoriality and Beyond: Problematizing Modernity in International Relations,” International Organization 47; 139-74.
2.Scholte, Jan Aart (2000), Globalization: A Critical Introduction (New York: St. Martin's).
3. Stanford Encyclopedia.2002. Globalizationhttp: at http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/globalization/
Acknowledgement: Most of the figures (Statistics) presented in this article have been gathered from the 10th ANNIVERSARY SPECIAL ISSUE of OUTLOOK Money published on July 30, 2008.
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Hey, i am amazed at your understanding of women in context of globalization,according to you Indian women was safe pre globalization era. Why dont u admit the access and reach of technology has only helped her to come out in open and speak about her problem, every culture has both good and bad side to it and indian culture is not above all other cultures of the world,Chill!
well thnx fr ur article it helped me in getting A+ in my Economics project :)
i thing globalization has really helped our economy. it has helped india to reach new heights.
thanks megha, nandini and mustha. I agree with the views of all of you.
of course globalisation is good to sme extent but at the same time there are many loopholes it may hinder the society only the rich business men can reap higher benifit frm globalisation.....
globalisation, its a huge meaning, its compact our world.
it gave us new acknowledge abt new thinks, person & every thing. i dnt hv a good english bt i just tryed to convey my thought.
written indeed good but afew points left
Today even parents do not have the same love for kids as they had earlier
Eg:a 6 month old baby left in orphanage with a letter
Reason :parents had to go out
there are many destructive ill effects of globalisation on youth &INDIAN CULTURE
BUT I would like to praise you for your work
dear madhuri, what a great thinking. Should we allow the exploitation of a human being because it was a practice in ancient time?Are you asking people to live in Moghul style?Worreta, majority of people who have voted in the survey support your views. Thanks to all visitors for enriching this hub with their views.
Yes, globalization is serving only litrates and the rich because the litrates and the richs are growing more but the poors are becoming poorer everywhere in the world.
The globalization of the production and distribution of goods and services is a welcome development for many people in
that it offers them access to products that they would not otherwise have. However, some are concerned that the changes
brought about by globalization threaten the viability of locally made products and the people who produce them. For
example, the new availability of foreign foods in a market—often at cheaper prices—can displace local farmers who have
traditionally earned a living by working their small plots of family-owned land and selling their goods locally.
Globalization, of course, does more than simply increase the availability of foreign-made consumer products and disrupt
traditional producers. It is also increasing international trade in cultural products and services, such as movies, music, and
publications. The expansion of trade in cultural products is increasing the exposure of all societies to foreign cultures. And
the exposure to foreign cultural goods frequently brings about changes in local cultures, values, and traditions. Although
there is no consensus on the consequences of globalization on national cultures, many people believe that a people's
exposure to foreign culture can undermine their own cultural identity.
The Influence
in which bc ur living?????der was exploitation of women even during the age of mughals!so update ur knowledge!!!!
I think its a great hub.
I think its a great work done.good article.
To be human please read the letter written by Abraham Lincoln to the teacher of his son. What ever may be tghe reason, we have to evolve from 'what we are' to an uper state (meaning evolution). Through the basic instinctual behavior if we get stuck at Sex or pornography alone then next what? How can one grow that becoming a human from the stage of animal. Brain growth is still contginuing and many more innovations and discoveries are ahead. Why should not India be at the top as it did in the past?
In order to recoup our past glory either we have to follow the steps provided by our ncestors or invent new ones that will take us ahead of the remaining world. It is easy to fall in line with our own culture and progress rather than imitating some others.
I really like your writing style.
nice work .
ya wat is wrong with hollywood movies they rock more than bollywood movies
Internet becoming more and more important for nearly everybody as it is one of the newest and most forward looking media and surely the medium of the future.
Well said Debarsi, you are really a genius. I have no hesitation in admitting the fact that views expressed by you are the real reflection of the mental makeup of Indians, Europeans and Americans. Nowhere I found such a nice description of American outlook.Your comments will add quality to this article. Thanks.
Hi Prem,
Globalization has not been all that bad, however it gave India and the Indian psyche too little time to catch up or imitate the manners or methods of western, particularly US civilization. We Indians are essentially religious and spiritual , we have a strong value system and thus our family and social structure are cohesive and co-operative.However Indians always lacked character and still do. The best and worst kind of men throughout history are Indians.
Globalization was India's Economic Decision, to open the Indian market to vendors of the world in order to run the Indian Economic Household....but then..the western manners and methods are capitalistic and only they have the regular habits,skills and cultural orientation that goes along with the practice of such a model.
We were under British administrative rule that exploited our economy , for 200 years..so at the mention of globalization..we had to be cautious..as a integrated nation as a whole ..as a interdependent and social interwoven network.But we were not and we are absolutely callous and careless by now in 2010 (19 years after liberalisation)
The Evolution Of The United States as a (brave) new world without any history except that of the European Conquistdators embarking on acquisition of territory and becoming unscrupulous in order to do that..might have exploited and harnessed the natural resources of America extremely ably in Order to make America what it is today..(after wiping off the native Indians from their territory which was followed up by an import of slaves from Africa..as a way of labour as human resources to be invested on natural resources)
And finally America as a nation... nurtured and nourished this fundamental exploitative and capitalistic outlook as a nation with the fact of being a diverse populace which was formed up of outsiders..outsiders with no real ties to the land or it's nature or its flora and fauna..trying to exploit it..such a land does not have it's sons and daughters of the soil..So An Englishman or A German or a Spanish ..Dutch..French, Portugueze or Italian National has an history and a sense of ethnopsychological responsibility towards their own little landmass but never when they are on foreign shores trying to tame it...never when they are trying to rule foreign lands and it's people.That is the legacy of America ..None in America is ever responsible for what happens to that nation..no one ever where and none can ever be or become as well..as it was never their own nation..it was acquired land and it became what it is now due to the exploits and exploitation of brave Europeans ..a few centuries ago.
Americans cannot be truly responsible for their fate.
The Economic psyche of America is Capitalism which applied universally over the world becomes Globalization..This Culture that America propagates and applies all over the world is actually globalization..But this is where external responsibility ends.
We Indians were unaware an unsuspecting lot. We never knew what was going to happen..if you look at the situation socially , culturally and morally..from the Unique Indian Ethnopsychological perspective. Prior to globalization..we did not need much as we did not have much..now post globalization though we are sure we do not really need that much..since we have let entry to MNCs and foreign business entities..they are shaping our lives up according to the western model..that is too much TV..too much advertisement of things we do not really need as upgrades for the same appears in a year ..too much Internet and the lure of Internet porn..
That is not how Indian found themselves or were ever used to..That might be an American Behaviour..but not an Indian Behaviour...But then there are the laws of Physics..and the universal law of 'Might Is Right'...Indians were never prepared..In fact Indians are never prepared for anything that happen to them and that is Indian history..In the same trend that EAST INDIA COMPANY acquired political control of India...Globalization took moral, spiritual and cultural control Over the Indian Mind..through..media..And technological Innovation.It is a good thing that now 75% of Indians watch TV. More Indians have jobs..but we Indians were supposed to be decent, modest..self-regulated and god-fearing..now through the application of the process called globalization on the Indian Psyche it has been discovered (quite like any experiment in physics and chemistry) that Indians are not what they assumed themselves to be...
Now..tell me who is responsible for Internet Pornography..the way it is..NONE BUT MAN..So INTERNET PORNOGRAPHY IS THE TRUE PICTURE OF MAN. AND WE ALWAYS KNEW WHAT IS PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION CAN AFFORD WHAT KIND OF FREEDOM>>IF FREEDOM IS UNIVERSAL AND DEMOCRATIC...WITH THE KIND OF INTELLIGENT AND EMOTIONAL QUOTIENT THEY ARE BORN WITH..SO WHEN WE ARE IN THE WRONG HANDS...WHEN WE ARE ENTRUSTED IN THE HANDS OF MEN MINDS WITH LOW IQ AND UNTAMED INSTINCTS UPON A COMMON PLATFORM LIKE THE INTERNET ..THE INTERNET BECOMES WHAT IT IS>>A MINEFIELD OF SEX AND PORN.
AND WE SHOULD BE RESPONSIBLE FOR OUR OWN DECISIONS>
..IF IT SI AT ALL GOING TO BE WE>>THE COLLECTIVE AND NOT "ME" OR "YOU"...THE SINGULAR AND THE INDIVIDUAL..BUT THEN YOU AND I HAVE TO ACCEPT FATE ..GLOBALIZATION IS GOOD ..FREEDOM IS BETTER...BUT SELF_HELP IS THE BEST HELP.
Thanks Isha,Praveen, Rohit and mikelong for stopping by and comments.
Strong points made. I like how you got very microscopic in your approach. Looking at the inroads of television and related media and the trend shifts in the affected culture is something that, at least to people I come across, largely goes unnoticed or seriously considered.
Keep it going...
yes, you talk in right view
yes, you write about such a right view.
Globalization is hitting back.... but only to the ordinary US people. Ordinary Indians are in a better position than US people as we can do work at a cheaper rate.
I do agree with you, but there are certain points with which I strongly disagree. Like "Unmarried boys and girls are sharing same apartment and staying away from their parents., Girls being blackmailed by their ex-boy friends using MMS, There is deterioration in social values as evident from less respect for ladies, older people". If you see all things more deeply, you will find that this was prevailing in our country before globalization also. Just the way of enaction has changed. Like photographs have been replaced by MMS, etc.
Thanks to satish RS, Bbudoyono and Chelsey for comments on the views.
benefit of other companies in part, but that's a very narrow way to look at it; globalization can not be evaluated without taking into account the many progressive changes that reduce those living under the poverty line, provide jobs, and build infrastructure; all of which are completely separate from benefiting the MNC's -
Globalization in Indonesia has a negative impact according to Amin Rais, a renowned Indonesian politician. As a result Indonesian natural resources are being exploited. So are other resorces, for the benefit of big companies.
4 Every thing der 'll b pros n cons, like wise globalisation also has pros n cons too, but most of the people point out its demerits but not merits, even though both the views r discussed here demerits r dominating d merits. how ever we have to appreciate prem 4 a nice script....
Thanks Eric Smart, it gives me immense pleasure to have a positive feedback about Indians.
Things are changing quickly in India, but the workforce is motivated and eager. I have a couple that I hire to do small tasks for me and it works out great for all of us.
Thanks sangeet for worthy comments
this is one of the best topic to debate upon like any thing in life there is apositive attittude and a negative one globalisation to has both effects.
It is upon us ...we should have a clear picture that inspite of being global we do not forget our traditional culture.we are deep rooted to this fact and we should not forgo this aspect.
Thanks to both gentleguy and Prof Murthy for nice and heart touching comments.
Yes. What you said is true. Please recall the evolution of hyuman specie. From a naked animal structure to the modern man evolution took place (in fact Dasavathara of Indian Culture depicts it) and certain 'dos' and dont's were framed by people. One such great rule that took the form of "family system" about you have referred is now destroyed. Similarly many Indian customs and behvioral traditions are getting destroyed. Our modern kids are not understanding that these were the values that kept 'India" at the top of the world since almost 27,000 years. Money is not everything. Recall -- Alexander the Great. Similarly a person needs money upto some level but more than it needs mental peace which is available only in indian cultural heritage. Swamy Vivekananda when said 'be proud that you are an INDIAN' He really meant it. Every Indian takes birth into a great of hierarchy of cultural structure. The present circumstances are helping such great person to become again an animal through deterioration.
One who reads this can easily understand -- what I mean. Thanks to the writer for such an excellent script.
nice article Prem. Thums up for such a good depiction of scenrio.
You are right 'jousy'. we have to weigh gains and losses. Its true that it failed to benefit
poor and illiterate people of our country. Besides, erosion of social values also took place in post liberalization era.
will , as many said globlaization did change our world but then, there are millions suffring from those changes , well .. i think living without it is much much better^_*
Thanks solarshingles for visiting and ofering your valuable comments.
Very nice hub, very interesting and challenging topic.
Still relationships are better in India than rest of the world.Thanks PVS for comments
it true that with this our culture is badly effecting.one of the respective culture in the world is indians...most of the countries are saluting our nation bcos of this only.most of the relation ship are effecting mostly the marriage and the love relation.and da word meaning of love is changing......
Right Urvashi. Responsibility to preserve our culture and social values is of each and every Indian citizen.Even media should focus its
attention to such issue. However, bad characters are
always glamourized by the media to increase the TRP
of the channel. But all are not same. Some channels
telecast programs that condemn such incidences.
well to certain extent i agree with you. things are changing in India and globalisation is one of the factor. however, it should be considered that may be we are not able to make that best use of globalisation. our generation has misused it to some extent. society in general is at fault along with the governement. it is the responsiblity of both that we try and protect our cultural heritage while embrassing the developments taking place in other part of the world. it is easier said then done but this is what is needed.
Yes, I agree an individual should have choice of exposure but exposure to drugs, porn or sex at a younger age may play havoc to society and all have to feel the burns. Moreover it may create problems in the society
that has been of conservative nature for decades.
The censorship of anything is morally wrong it should be an individuals choice to what exposure they wish to subject themselves to but not everyone has good judgement and therefore we need to protect each other from damaging influences, it is a sad state that the world as a whole is de-sensitized to the things that are happening around us but is an unfortunate fact, we must be our own moral guides and help each other to see the good over so much bad.
Thanx Shalu, thecounterpunch, shiv Kumar and Sonal for views expressed here. Your opinion will compell people to think about the ill-effects. Thanx to Manohar also. He however disagree with my view's but possibilities are that some incidence may stir his thoughts and compell him to agree to the hard truth.
Thanx Shalu, thecounterpunch, shiv Kumar and Sonal for views expressed here. Your opinion will compell people to think about the ill-effects. Thanx to Manohar also. He however disagree with my view's but possibilities are that some incidence may stir his thoughts and compell him to agree to the hard truth.
ya, u r right.........the need of era is that escaping from the ill efects of globalisation, we should take the benefit of its positive aspect
ya globalisation is one of the reason for fall in human values. due to the globalisation most of the population of india is being misleaded
Thanks, I agree with your view's. Yes, globalization per se is not responsible for devaluation of moral values. Globalization has helped customers by increased competition but on the other hand technological innovations has exposed us to other cultures. Increased use of internet, access to DTH, cable network etc have affected our cultural values. Easy availability of porn material, that was not so easily available to young generation, has badly affected our social architecture.
TV
This is rather the misabuse of Technology and the loss of moral value rather than Globalization per se. Globalization is about Oligopololism / Monopolism of Mega-Corporations which put World Salaried People in competition:
http://hubpages.com/hub/Maurice_Allais__the_Econom
But somehow you're right, the Mega-Corporations have favored materialism for consumption and materialism conducts to a loss of moral values.
Its correct that globalization has opened up doors to avenues unthinkable before it. We have to repay something for reaping fruits of globalization but I think detoriation of human values is taking as faster as developmental process. I am afraid we will reach to a point from where thinking of return will be unthinkable
Actually some good and some bad. But most importanty many have found jobs unthinkable before globalisation era. Thanks for pointing some of then out.
pramodgokhale 8 weeks ago
Yes I do agree, in fact i am advocate of Globalization.It opened the door and allowed everybody to perform ,earlier our economy till 1991 was lame duck.After liberalizing economy we came to know our potential, strength and our corporates are doing business abroad and taking over sick companies there and billion dollar purchase has become normal thing for Indian businessmen for example Tata-Corous, Arcellor-Mittal, so many and economy became vibrant.